Hospital sewage treatment package

Considering the importance of hospital wastewater treatment , it is necessary to use advanced technologies that meet the needs of this type of wastewater. Industrial wastewater treatment methods must be able to remove infectious agents and minimize chemical and biological contamination. Also, hospital wastewater treatment should be done in compliance with health and environmental standards and regulations to ensure public health and the health of employees, patients and society.

First, we examine the nature and characteristics of hospital wastewater to better understand its treatment needs. Then we briefly introduce various hospital wastewater treatment methods , including physical, chemical and biological processes. Also, we evaluate the performance and efficiency of these methods as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each.

The nature of hospital wastewater

Hospital wastewater is a special type of wastewater that includes wastewater produced in hospitals and health centers. The nature of hospital wastewater is different due to the presence of infectious agents and more chemical and biological pollution compared to domestic wastewater.

The most important characteristics of hospital wastewater are:

1. Infectious agents: Hospital wastewater contains infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. These factors may be transmitted from patients with infectious diseases and if not treated properly, they may lead to the spread of diseases and infections in the environment and underground and surface water.
2. Chemical pollution: Hospital wastewater may contain chemical pollution from the use of disinfectants, drugs, medical chemicals, and leaking materials from medical equipment. These pollutants can include heavy metals, dominant organic substances, toxic chemicals, and leaking substances from medical equipment.
3. Biological contamination: Hospital wastewater may contain biological contamination such as blood, urine, feces, and people with infectious diseases. These contaminations can lead to the spread of diseases and infections.

Considering the nature of hospital wastewater, correct and complete treatment of this wastewater is of great importance. The hospital’s wastewater treatment system should operate in such a way that infectious agents, chemical and biological pollutants are removed and clean and harmless wastewater is obtained for the environment.

Below are the pH, TSS, BOD5, COD, TKN, TP, TC and THBC values ​​of a number of hospitals in Iran. According to these results, the minimum, maximum and average values ​​of hospital wastewater quality parameters have been investigated.

Hospital	Ph	BOD5Mg/l	CodMg/l	TSSMg/l	TKNMg/l	TPMg/l
1	±7.80.5	±443205	±876311	±375163	18.5 ± 8	±3.21.8
2	±7.50.7	±398194	±729254	±312148	6.5 ±16	±2.81.6
3	±7.60.6	±314161	±608213	±261117	4 ±13.5	±1.70.6
4	±7.40.5	±293132	±534155	±209101	±11.83.7	±1.20.4
Average	±7.60.6	±372173	±687231	±289132	15 ± 5.5	±2.21.2
Effluent standard	5-9	30	60	40	15	4

In the following, the maximum, minimum and average values ​​of heavy metals (mercury, cadmium, lead, chromium, cobalt, nickel and zinc) in four hospitals have been examined in the table below.

Hospital	Pbµg/L	Cdµg/L	Crµg/L	Znµg/L	Coµg/L	Hgµg/L	Noµg/L	Feµg/L	Cuµg/L
1	±14.63.6	±1.80.9	±33.53	±65451	±2.10.12	±4.11.7	27.4±3	±1.61.2	±261.6
2	50±32	±1.10.8	±38.45	±468353	±6.78.3	±17.216	±28.44.5	±3.252.3	62±56
3	±14.81.5	±4.13.9	±350.9	±340191	±2.92.7	±2.90.6	±28.60.5	±1.71.6	56±54
4	±26.68.9	±0.80.6	30±14	±25598	±3.11.6	5.7±2	36±28	±1.90.3	±51.723
Average	±26.511.5	2±1.5	±145.7	±429173	±3.73.2	7.5±5	30±9	±2.10.4	±4933.7
Effluent standard	50	10	50	2000	50	5	100

Hospital wastewater treatment steps

1. Collection

At this stage, the hospital wastewater is transferred to the hospital wastewater treatment plant  through the internal sewage network and collected in this place.

2. Primary purification

This stage in the hospital wastewater treatment system is a stage known as pre-treatment of hospital wastewater and is performed to remove large and heavy solids from the wastewater. The purpose of this step is to separate and remove larger solids such as skin, hair, biological tissues, dressings and other suspended contaminants from hospital wastewater.

The initial purification step usually includes the following steps:

1) Mechanical separation: In this stage of the hospital wastewater treatment process , mechanical separation equipment and devices such as microblades, separation plates and separation turbines are used. The hospital wastewater passes through the equipment used in this step and the larger and heavier solids are separated from it. For example, skin, hair, biological tissues, and non-degradable materials such as dressings are separated at this stage.

2) Secondary separation: In this step, secondary separation processes such as filtration and membrane methods are used. Hospital wastewater passes through filters and membranes, and suspended and finer solids are separated from it. For example, microparticles, bacteria and viruses are separated in this step.

3. Secondary purification

The secondary treatment stage in hospital wastewater treatment is a stage that is performed in order to remove organic and microbial contamination from wastewater. The purpose of this stage is to improve the quality of hospital wastewater treatment and reduce the concentration of suspended and soluble pollutants in wastewater.

The secondary treatment stage usually includes the following steps:

1) Biological process: In this step, biological processes such as aerobic or anaerobic process are used. In the aerobic process, bacteria and microorganisms that are able to decompose organic pollutants operate in an environment with the presence of air. These bacteria break down degradable organic materials such as proteins, fats and carbohydrates into simpler substances. In an azobic process, bacteria work in an environment without the presence of air and break down organic matter.

2) Physical and chemical process: In this stage, physicochemical processes such as flocculation, sedimentation and oxidation are used. In the flocculation process, active flocculants are added to the wastewater to convert suspended pollutants into larger granules that can then be separated. In the sedimentation process, using tanks and baskets, sediment particles such as organic sediments and suspended matter are separated. In the oxidation process, chemical processes such as oxidation using oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide are used to destroy suspended and dissolved pollutants.

The secondary treatment stage in hospital wastewater treatment improves the quality of wastewater and helps to remove organic and microbial contamination. This step can help to reduce the concentration of solids and suspended pollution in the hospital’s wastewater and thus lead to the improvement of the performance of the wastewater treatment equipment and the reduction of the environmental pollution load. At this stage, organic and microbial contaminants in hospital wastewater are destroyed and separated, which significantly improves the quality of wastewater treatment and removes suspended and soluble contaminants.

4. Chemical purification and disinfection

One of the stages of hospital wastewater treatment is chemical treatment and disinfection of hospital wastewater. The chemical treatment and disinfection stage in hospital wastewater treatment is a stage that is performed in order to remove chemical pollution and disinfection of wastewater. Disinfection of hospital wastewater leads to improving the quality of hospital wastewater and maintaining public health.

The chemical purification and disinfection stage usually includes the following steps:

1) pH adjustment process: In this stage of hospital wastewater treatment , the pH of the hospital wastewater is adjusted. This step can include adding chemicals such as aluminum sulfate or calcium hydroxide to bring the pH of the wastewater into the desired range. Adjusting the pH can help the performance of subsequent treatment steps.

2) Stabilization process: In this step, chemicals such as calcium carbonate or sodium carbonate are used to stabilize suspended pollutants. These materials can react with suspended pollution and sediment materials and separate them as sediment.

3) Heavy metal removal process: In this step, chemical processes such as carbon activation and membrane separation process are used to remove heavy metals such as lead, mercury and cadmium from wastewater. These processes help to reduce the concentration of heavy metals in wastewater and can lead to maintaining public health and reducing environmental pollution.

5. Sterilization process

In this step, chemical processes such as the use of disinfectants such as chlorine or physical processes such as the use of UV rays are used to remove germs and infectious agents from hospital wastewater.

This step can help to reduce chemical pollution, heavy metals and microbes in hospital wastewater and thus lead to improvement of the performance of treatment equipment and reduction of environmental pollution load.

6. Evacuation and disposal

In the final stage of the hospital wastewater treatment system , the hospital wastewater is discharged after final treatment to the public sewer network or to biological systems, treatment plants, or other authorized discharge locations such as soil, groundwater, or irrigation sources. Drainage and disposal of wastewater must be done legally and in compliance with environmental standards. Also, some hospitals may have their own local treatment systems that can independently discharge the wastewater into the environment after treatment. In any case, the main goal of hospital wastewater treatment is to remove pollutants and preserve the environment and public health.

Advantages of Saf Hospital wastewater treatment package

1. High efficiency: using advanced technologies and effective processes, Saf hospital wastewater treatment package is capable of purifying and removing the maximum amount of pollutants from hospital wastewater. This improves the quality of outgoing water and reduces environmental pollution.
2. Custom design and manufacturing: The packages produced in our team are designed and manufactured based on the specific needs of the hospital. This allows hospitals to tailor the wastewater treatment system precisely to their needs as well as their space and financial constraints.
3. Sustainable performance: Saf Hospital’s wastewater treatment package offers sustainable performance with effective processes and the use of advanced technologies. This means reduced operating and maintenance costs, reduced need for frequent repairs, and increased useful life of the system.
4. Saving water resources: By using a hospital wastewater treatment device , water that can be reused is produced. This improvement in the quality of outgoing water and saving water resources, to some extent, helps to preserve fresh water resources and reduce dependence on fresh water resources.
5. Limited space and easy installation: Due to its small design and limited space, Hospital’s wastewater treatment package does not require a large and complicated space for construction and installation. This helps hospitals to easily install and operate the wastewater treatment system in their limited space.
6. Reasonable price: By choosing the  hospital wastewater treatment package , you can treat your hospital’s wastewater in a simple and smart way and at the same time enjoy its high quality and optimal performance. The very reasonable price of the sewage treatment package allows you to buy and use it without any worries
7. Responding to environmental standards: Industrial wastewater treatment packages produced in our company are designed and manufactured according to environmental standards and relevant laws. This helps hospitals easily adapt to environmental regulations and avoid legal problems.

Design, production and construction of sewage treatment package

Our team of experts and engineers, focusing on quality and efficiency, designs and produces hospital wastewater treatment packages and all kinds of water treatment, desalination, and wastewater treatment packages .

By focusing on quality, efficiency and compliance with environmental issues, the wastewater treatment package has been able to attract the satisfaction of its customers. For guidance and to get more information about Hospital’s wastewater treatment package, contact our consultants and experts.